Politics Dissertation

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3621 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The topic of illegal immigration has been an issue for debate with lawmakers, the President, member of congress and America as a whole for the past several years. In very general terms, illegal immigrants are people, primarily from Mexico and Central America who illegally cross over the border into the United States. These men and women of all ages are not fleeing their homeland because of repression, harsh dictatorships, genocide, civil wars or religious persecution; however, they are crossing over the American border primarily for economic reasons. These individuals are coming to the United States in seek of a better lifestyle. They want to make more money to help support their families both here in America and back in their home country. They are fleeing oppression, chronic unemployment, poverty, and little or no opportunities in their homelands. As unfortunate it is, the law stands between their desire to live and work in the United States. Strict policy is needed to prevent these immigrants from coming into the United States illegally. Otherwise the consequence will be massive illegal settlements in this U.S. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Politics Dissertation | Illegal Immigration People" essay for you Create order Since the early 1800s, immigration has been both a crucial component of Americas growth and a periodic source of conflict. In 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt said, we should insist that if the immigrant who comes here in good faith becomes an American and assimilates himself to us, he shall be treated on an exact equality with everyone else, for it is an outrage to discriminate against any such man because of creed, or birthplace, or origin. He went on to say, This is predicated on the person becoming in every facet an American, and nothing but an American. There can be no divided allegiance here. Any man who says he is an American, but something else also, isnt an American at all. We have room for but one flag, the American flag! We have room for but one sole loyalty, and that is loyalty to the American people, (Little, 2006). Its been seen over the past decade that the national debate over illegal immigration has grown. This displays a widespread belief that previous immigration control laws have failed and are continuing to. For example, despite a 1986 federal law that created penalties for employers who hire undocumented workers or illegal immigrants knowingly, businesses continued to do so. President George W. Bushs new strategy had taken form. Instead of his earlier emphasis on finding a way for U.S. businesses to continue employing illegal immigrants on a temporary basis, he now spoke of preventing such undocumented workers or illegal immigrants from ever entering the United States to begin with. Weve got a comprehensive strategy that says were going to enforce this border. Were going to prevent people from coming here in the first place, (Furlong and Kraft 2007, 121). President Bushs new strategy came as Congress prepared to consider legislation that addressed border security and immigration. Unfortunately because the Presidents standing in public opinion polls was so low and conservatives in his own party wanted a different approach, he had few choices but to change his policys direction. Democrats have accused the President of delaying action on immigration reform for far too long. Senator Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts said, It is time for President Bush to resist those on the right who rely on fear tactics to prevent our broken system from being fixed. True immigration reform would have to be more comprehensive and more realistic than the Presidents proposals, he added, strengthening our security while bringing an underground economy above ground, (Furlong and Kraft 2007, 121). In 2005 the number of illegal immigrants in the United States rose dramatically to well over ten million people and was growing rapidly, at an estimate of a half a million people each year. According to Fred Elbel of the Department of Homeland Security, as of November 10, 2007 there was an estimated 34,094,840 illegal aliens in the United States. Since January 1, 2007, 3,134,840 illegal aliens have made their way over the border and into the United States, (Elbel, 2007). The western and southern part of America has seen the biggest influx of immigrants. Among a vast spectrum of other concerns, policy makers focus on the high cost to the states that are providing education and medical care for undocumented workers and their families. Some worry that a high rate of illegal immigrants suggests that the United States borders are without the needed security that is essential to prevent entry from potential terrorists. However, some, particularly business owners, are inclined to minimize the problem. They believe that the health of the U.S. economy is dependent on immigrant workers and they argue that the economy would suffer without the contribution of illegal immigrants. Some disagree and argue that the economic benefits from illegal immigrants working in America only helps their home economy. The Pew Hispanic Center estimates that ten percent of restaurant workers in the U.S., twenty-five percent of domestic help in private households, and nearly sixty percent of agricultural workers are in the country illegally. Also statistics show that fifty-six percent of illegal immigrants in the United States come north primarily from Mexico to supply thousands of U.S. employers and farmers with low-skilled workers. A completely hypothetical way of viewing illegal immigration is to think of the United States like a homeowner who went for a long walk and left their garage door open. Inside the garage is a new car, a wallet, a cellular phone, and a suitcase full of money. Another man, destitute of money and with little or no hope of positive opportunity, walks past the garage and notices that its door is open and unattended. He has a family who needs food and he himself has been unemployed for several months. He decides to enter the garage. No one noticed him enter. He found the new car, the wallet, the cellular phone and the suitcase full of money. Without hesitation, he takes the wallet and the suitcase and quickly disappears and enjoys what he took without permission. To make himself feel better, he tells himself that he only went into the garage and took what he did because he needed to feed his family and because he was down on his luck. He did not hurt anyone in the process and he figures that the homeowner can always file a claim with his insurance company to get back what was taken. When the homeowner returns from his walk, he notices that he has been robbed and files a report with the local police department. The police in turn tell him that there is nothing they can do since there were no witnesses. The police suggest that the homeowner lock up his garage the next time he goes for a long walk to prevent another illegal entry and robbery. Some would argue that the man who left his garage door open is at fault, others would say it was the intruder who stole the property, and some would say its both their faults. Was the one man a thief for entering the garage without permission and the homeowner careless for leaving the garage door open and unattended? Traditional law states that the intruder is a thief and common sense says that the homeowner was careless in failing to protect his assets from potential intruders. Did the homeowner deserve to be robbed because he left his garage door open? Some would say yes because he was careless. On the other hand the robber who walked away with the homeowners valuables committed a crime. If he was caught, tried and convicted, he could face fines and possibly some time in jail. Some people would look at from the perspective that the robber did what he did to feed his family and pay for his basic necessities. He only stole to help his family survive. He views it as something honorable because he provided for his family. In this hypothetical scenario, the fact that the homeowner left his garage door open and easily accessible to thieves does not give them permission for someone to trespass into his property and steal his valuables solely because they were just there. Regardless of the thiefs reasoning for taking someone elses private property, stealing is stealing no matter how it is rationalized. Similarly, illegal immigration may solve financial challenges faced by the growing millions of illegal aliens who are in the United States to work and improve their lives. Yet, no matter how a person looks at it, illegal entry is still just that, illegal. Jobs are taken from those who are rightfully entitles to them. It is not legal, moral, or ethically right to enter the country illegally and benefit from opportunities that were primarily designed for legal residents and citizens. The reasons why millions of people enter the United States illegally does not make it correct to break the law and disregard the sovereignty of the United States. Breaking the law is not justifiable because illegal immigrants want to take advantage of jobs, provide for their family, escape poverty, receive medical care, public education, and much more. As harsh as it is, illegal immigrants are not entitled to the freedom which were primarily designed for those who are in the country by birthright or legal residency status. The belief that it is socially acceptable to break the law as long as a persons reasoning is with good intentions is flawed. A person cannot take advantage of someones benefits because they need to. Immigrating to America legally, whether or not it is easy, is praiseworthy. Breaking they law and crossing the border illegally is not. The punishment should fit the crime. A person should not leave their garage door open if they value what they own and would-be intruders should learn that just because they garage door is open, it does not give them the right to walk in and take what they need. It is seen very often that desperate people do not care much about right and wrong or the law for that matter. Desperation often causes people to rationalize and justify all types of illegal activities. Illegal entry into the United States to work has been allowed to become a complex issue but this is not an unsolvable problem. The United States would be off to a good start if the government imposed hefty fines on employers who knowingly and unknowingly hire illegal immigrants or undocumented workers for labor. The loophole in the current law conveniently allows employers to look the other way and claim that they are not able to verify the authenticity of documents that their workers provide. Millions of people steal social security numbers from American citizens and get away with it. They in turn enjoy many of the same things honest people work for. While illegal immigrants only make up about five percent of the United States work force, they are quickly being noticed in non-traditional areas immigrant to settle. Areas like these are in the midwest and the south. Undocumented workers and illegal immigrants are willing to work for very low wages by American standards. This has caused political turmoil in these new areas where immigration had little or no presence before. Immigration is now a national phenomenon is a way that was less true a decade ago, (Greenblatt, Katel, Marshall 2007, 341). Mark Krikorian, executive director of the nonpartisan Center for Immigration Studies said, In places like Georgia and Alabama, which had little experience with immigration before, people are experiencing it firsthand. The beginning of any policy study involves a description of the problem. Obviously the problem is illegal immigration and unfortunately only a select few legislators are taking measures to fix the problem. The former Mayor of New York City and presidential candidate, Rudy Giuliani, has a firm stance of illegal immigration. He stated that real immigration reform must put security first because border security and homeland security are inseparable in the Terrorists War on Us. The first responsibility of the federal government is to protect our citizens by controlling Americas borders, while ending illegal immigration and identifying every non-citizen in our nation. We must restore integrity, accountability, and the rule of law to our immigration system to regain the faith of the American people, (Giuliani, 2007). The Governor of New Mexico and also Presidential candidate, Bill Richardson, has similar feelings about immigration reform as Giuliani. As a Hispanic-American, and Governor of a border state, I know that our nation can no longer afford to ignore the issue of illegal immigration. Undocumented immigrants have broken the law to enter our country, but they are here and most of them work hard, pay taxes, support families, and contribute to the communities they live in. Entire sectors of our economy rely on these laborers -construction, restaurants, and agricultural, for example. We cant just ignore this issue any longer. Splitting up families, building walls, and making impractical proclamations is not the answer. America needs to solve the problem, not tear itself apart over it, (Richardson, 2007). He believes in recognizing the reality of the immigration problem and addressing it head-on. He has a plan to solve it by taking four realistic steps. First, secure the border. Second, increase legal immigration. Third, prevent employers from hiring illegal workers. Lastly, provide a path to legislation for most of the eleven million illegal immigrants already here. Representative F. James Sensenbrenner Jr., of Wisconsin, created the Real ID bill. This requires proof of citizenship or legal status in the United States in order to get a drivers license. This bill was signed into law in May 2005 and will take effect in May 2008. We will never have homeland security if we dont have border security, (Greenblatt, Katel, Marshall 2007, 341). Sensenbrenners reform means blocking states from issuing drivers licenses to illegal immigrants, imposing new restrictions on asylum seekers, and finishing a border fence near San Diego, California. The debate of immigration has divided the Republican Party. The Republican controlled House of Representatives passed H.R. 4437 in December 2005. This is a measure that contained procedures for securing the borders, harsher penalties for people assisting illegal migration into the United States and provisions for deporting illegal aliens that are already here, (Greenblatt, Katel, Marshall 2007, 343). The proposed legislation does not provide for a guest worker program or any form of amnesty for illegal workers. The borders are out of control, says T.J. Bonner, president of the National Border Patrol Council, the union representing ten thousand border officers. He said that the patrol catches no more than a third of illegal aliens crossing the border. We have a situation where business is controlling our immigration policy rather than sound decisions that take into account all the factors, including homeland security, (Greenblatt, Katel, Marshall 2007, 344). The government has almost stopped enforcing sanctions approved in 1986 on employers who hire illegal immigrants. According to Mary Dougherty, an immigration statistician at the Department of Homeland Security, in 2003 the agency levied only $9,300.00 in fines against employers. Time also reported in 2004 that the number of fines imposed on employers dropped ninety-nine percent during the 1990s from 1,063 in 1992 to 13 in 2002, (Greenblatt, Katel, Marshall 2007, 345). While there are many ideas and strongly differing views on what to do about illegal immigration, the government must recognize that any program that rewards illegal aliens who have broken the laws of the United States with citizenship is undeserved and unwarranted amnesty. Illegal immigration must be treated much like a broken water pipe. When a water pipe breaks, the very first thing that must be done is have the water shut off and then the mess is cleaned up. This is common sense that most in the government seem to be missing. This requires two different set of actions. First, slowing down and eventually preventing all illegal border-crossings and then making it harder for existing illegal immigrants to live in the US while simultaneously encouraging many to go home as well as deporting others. Doctors at The Heritage Foundation are quoted as saying, Immigration reform should be a matter of national priority. To be successful, reforms must include a comprehensive package of measures to reduce illegal entry into the United States as well as to reduce the current population of unlawfully present persons. The cornerstone of any such initiative must be a fair and practical program for repatriating foreign persons who are illegally present in the United States, (Carafano, Meese III, Spalding, 2005). For the sake of national security, the rule of law, and responsible immigration policy, Congress and the President must move towards reducing the number of people who are illegally in the United States. Immigration reform must not encourage this problem. In particular, any new initiative must not grant permission, as a matter of policy, for illegal immigrants to remain legally in the country. Such a program would undermine the credibility of efforts not only to control Americas borders, but also to advance reasonable legal immigration reform. A better alternative would be for policymakers to create a comprehensive solution that brings better national security. Part of this solution should be a realistic and reasonable program to assist illegal immigrants in returning to their homelands before applying for legal reentry to the United States. What the United States needs is a comprehensive strategy that reverses decades of ignoring, indeed encouraging, the disregard of requirements for legally entering and lawfully residing in this country. A better strategy would be to get the cooperation of federal, state, and local governments and non-governmental organizations to all work together. Laws need to be enforced within the United States, including identity theft,, prosecuting benefits fraud, tax evasion, and immigration violations. Also, America should work with other nations to enforce laws, to educate their citizens, and to develop more desirable legal alternatives for undocumented workers. The government must help other nations to adopt sound governance and economic policies that will promote growth in their economies and negate the need for citizens to take low-paying jobs in the United States. It has been made very clear that America does not want to anger other countries with border security and that most people cannot tell the difference between illegal invasion to work and legal immigration. It should then be up to the individual states to develop internal methods to prevent abuse of tax-based resources. States should not provide any form of preferential treatment towards individuals who break federal laws, even if they work and pay taxes. This may be justifiable in their minds but the fact remains that they are still in the country illegally. The government needs to also help the private sector by teaching employers how to identify legal workers quickly and easily at a reasonable cost and in a manner that respects individuals rights and privacy but at the same time identify the illegal ones through a national identification system, similar to the one crated by Sensenbrenners, The Real ID Act. The government should also implement a central document verification agency to pre-screen all employment applications and issue approval forms and identification photos to prospective employees. While at the current rate the government will never have an efficient wall to block out illegal immigrants. It is up to the individual states to create internal security measures to prevent budgetary and financial abuses caused by the growing illegal population. President Bush and a bipartisan group of ten senators announced an agreement on May 17, 2007, on a comprehensive, compromise plan to tighten border security and address the future of Americas twelve million illegal immigrants. The agreement reached today is one that will help enforce our borders, Bush said. But equally importantly, it will treat people with respect. This is a bill where people who live in our country will be treated without amnesty, but without animosity. Senator Kennedy said, The plan isnt perfect, but only a bipartisan bill will become law, (Greenblatt, Katel, Marshall 2007, 357). The agreement would grant temporary legal status to almost all illegal immigrants, giving then the right to apply for residence visas and citizenship through a lengthy process. Illegal immigrants would have to wait for eight years before applying for permanent resident status, pay fines of up to $5,000.00 and, heads of households would be forced to leave the country and reenter legally. Are these signs of positive actions to be taken toward illegal immigrants? Over the next few years will America see a reduction in the number of illegal immigrants and an increase in the applications for legal immigrants? American surely hopes so. Only time will tell what actions will truly be taken by the American government in response to the increasing number of illegal immigrants crossing its borders. Bibliography Carafano, James Jay, Edwin Meese III and Matthew Spalding. 2005. Alternatives to Amnesty: Proposals for Fair and Effective Immigration Reform. The Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/Research/LegalIssues/bg18588.cfm. (10 November 2007). Elbel, Fred. 2007. How many illegal aliens are in the U.S.? Refernce.. The American Resistance. https://the americanresistance.com/ref/illegal_alien_numbers.html. ( 10 November 2007). Furlong, Scott R. and Michael E. Kraft. 2007.Public Policy: Politics, Analysis and Alternatives. New Jersey. Pearson Prentice Hall. Giuliani, Rudy. 2007. 12 Commitments To The American People. JoinRudy2008. https://joinrudy2008.com/getinvolved/emailland.html (10 November 2007). Greenblatt, Alan, Peter Katel and Patrick Marshal. 2007. Issues For Debate: In American Public Policy. 8th Ed.. Washington D.C.. Congressional quarterly Inc.. Little, Dick. 2006. Illegal immigrant problem growing. Paradise Post.com. https://paradisepost.com/columns/ci_468119.html. (10 November 2007). Richardson, Bill. 2007. Realistic Immigration Reform. Richardson for President. https://action.richardsonforpresident.com/page/content/immigrationreform.html. (10 November 2007).

Tired Angels - Original Writing Essay - 1433 Words

Tired Angels In every parish, there was a notorious â€Å"scary driver† in the church family. Some earned the title by their driving habits, others drifted into it unaware as age and failing eyesight raised the probability. We used to say â€Å"Oh there goes Stan and seven tired angels!† I remember one senior gentleman who bought himself a new 4x4 Ford extended cab with a box cap. Even an experienced driver would have a challenge parallel parking such a monster! Stan never worried if there was enough room to park. With four-wheel drive at his disposal, he easily made enough room, and his reputation went before him! One evening, he was hospitalized, and, at his request, I was asked to drive his truck home. It was amazing to watch people turning off on side streets as I approached them from behind or as they saw me coming toward them. The worst part was that he had the habit of wearing an Anglican clergy collar even though he had never been ordained! The other gentleman I recall from parish days drove a beat-up sedan. When I say â€Å"beat up,† that is an understatement. There was not a panel in the vehicle that was not damaged by other vehicles, trees, gateposts, hydrants, etc. However, he was a very reputable driver in his day. You see, he was employed to drive theShow MoreRelatedSummary Of My Hands Were Trembling 960 Words   |  4 Pagesit to be more of a struggle than a walk in the park. Class, before the bell rings, I want to introduce our next writing assignment Mr. Wickenhauser explained. I could hear the class groan. We had just gotten done with a take home essay and an in class essay over Don Quixote. We were tired of writing, and were not excited about writing some more. The essay type is an original short story. It can really be about whatever you want, as long as it is a story. It can be true or fake. 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Audit Assurance Systematic Procedure

Question: Discuss about the Audit Assurance for Systematic Procedure. Answer: Introduction Audit and assurance refers to a systematic procedure that is essentially designed for recognition of diverse instances of material misstatements in the financial declarations of the firm. The current report is necessarily segmented into two different parts where the first section is necessarily a written response to Helen Fields that addresses the recognized issues in the audit committee and the internal audit functions. The first section sheds light on the main roles as well as functionalities of the audit and proposes different nature and characteristics of different individuals that are suitable for working in this committee. The present segment also sheds light on the accountabilities of the internal audit functions especially in internal control. In addition to this, the current section also proposes the ways in which the Audit Committee as well as the Internal Audit can improve the way the Board can discharge of the corporate governance accountabilities concerning the internal control. The second section of this report that addresses Mary Murphy presents a critical assessment of the corporate governance arrangements in the textile business unit and delivers advice to the client regarding the achievement of the conformation with the UK Corporate Governance Code. The current section outlines the appropriateness of the institution of an Audit Committee and the Internal Audit Function with special reference to the current context of high business growth of the business unit along with the intention of the management to list on the Irish Stock Exchange the following year. Main role of the audit committee and their functions As per regulations, all the public interest business entities need to establish an audit committee and this requirement starts six months subsequent to the date of making the directive. Again, the public interest entities are necessarily corporations that has different transferrable securities that can be acknowledged for trading on a specific regulated market of any Member State, credit institutions as well as insurance undertakings (Council 2012). As rightly indicated by Tricker (2015), the Guidance on Audit Committee also known as Smith Guidance delivers guidance to different listed corporations. The guidance is regarding composition, role as well as responsibilities of particular audit committee (Ahmed Haji et al. 2016). The Audit committee of different Irish public interest business entities need to conform with the regulations stipulated under the section 91 of S.I 220 of the year 2010 as modified by S.I 685 of the year 2011 and with the regulation under section 167 stipulated under the Companies Act 2014 . The Code also calls for the need of the review of different arrangement by the audit committee by which the members of the staff might raise concern regarding probable improprieties in diverse matters related to financial reporting (Knechel 2016). Particularly, the Board of the corporation needs to institute formal as well as transparent arrangements for helping the implementation of the corporate reporting, risk management as well as internal control rules and for maintenance of a suitable association with the auditor of a company. The primary role of the audit committee is therefore to keep a close watch on the integrity of the financial declarations of the corporation as well as any other formal announcements associated to the financial performance of the corporation, review of the important financial declaration judgements contained in the pecuniary reports of the firm (Messier Jr 2016). In addition to this, the primary role of the audit committee is also to evaluate the internal financial controls of the corporation until specifically addressed by a disconnect Board Risk Committee made of independent directors or else by the Board to evaluate the internal control of the corporation and risk management procedure. In addition to this, the main role of the audit committee is also to monitor as well as analyze the effectiveness of the overall internal audit operations of the corporation. Again, the role of the committee is also to propose appropriate recommendations to the Board regarding authorization in gener al meeting in association to the appointment, re-appointment as well as elimination of external auditor and to authorize the structure of remuneration long with the terms of association of particular external auditor (Glover et al. 2014). Nevertheless, the role of the audit committee is also to review as well as monitor the independence as well as objectivity of the external auditor as well as effectiveness of the entire process of audit by taking account pertinent professional and at the same time regulatory obligations (Leipziger 2015). As such, the role of the audit committee is also to develop as well as to institute strategies on the engagement of the external auditor to deliver diverse non-audit services, by taking into consideration different pertinent ethical directives concerning the provision related to non-audit services by mainly the external audit units. The audit committee also needs to report to the board regarding the different actions or else the required improvemen t and recommendations as regards the steps to be undertaken for improvement (Okhmatovskiy and David 2012). Finally, the main role of the audit committee is also to report to the Board regarding the way the committee has discharged the duties. Again, on request of the board, the audit committee also need to provide guidance as well as advice regarding the presentation as well as preparation of the annual reports as well as accounts and judge the fairness, balanced nature and comprehensibility of the report. Characteristics of the individuals that is suitable to work in this committee As mentioned by Keay (2014), the Guidance on Audit Committee illustratively explains the characteristics as well as the required qualifications of the individuals that are suitable to work in the audit committee. The Director of Corporate Enforcement is provided rights as conditioned under the directives to demand evidence of any statutory approval of the auditor to act as an auditor. However, failure to meet the requirements within the time period of 30 days can be considered an offence that can consequently lead to a fine amounting to 12,500. As per the regulations conditioned under the Corporate Governance Code, the audit committee need to have suitable balance of different competence as well as skills, independence as well as knowledge regarding the corporation in order to discharge different their respective duties as well as accountabilities effectually (Eling and Marek 2014). Again, the board needs to be adequate size so that the requirements of the particular corporation can be appropriately satisfied. However, the Combined Code also takes into account different provisions for listed corporations to have a particular audit committee on essentially a comply or else explain base. In addition to this, the audit committee also needs comprise of at least two different non-executive independent directors to ensure proper functioning of the committee. In particular, this implies that the directors need not have or else have a material business association with the particular firm within 3 years of appointment either as a partner otherwise as a shareholder, director otherwise a senior employee of a particular body that carries out a material business association with the particular company. In addition to this, the directors also need to be have experience as an employee of the definite organization within the period of 3 years of appointment. Furthermore, one of them also need have competence in accounting or else auditing (Ayuso et al. 2014). Main responsibilities of the internal audit functions with special reference to internal control As rightly mentioned by Larcker and Tayan (2015), the definition of the internal auditing as well as International Standards recognizes that internal audit plays a crucial role in the process of evaluation as well as improvement of the entire procedure of the governance procedure. The regulations also refer towards assessments and provide recommendations for promoting appropriate ethics as well as values within the particular organization, making certain effective performance management as well as accountability, communicating about risk as well as important control information, coordinating diverse actions of the board along with the external as well as internal auditors and administration. The internal process is essentially unique, is identical for different engagement, and generally comprises of four different stages. The process essentially outlines the questions well as actions that the internal auditor needs to handle for completing the process. The internal audit function is responsible for acquiring a range of information regarding the specific area under consideration or else the activities that are to be reviewed. Therefore, the first and foremost responsibility of the internal audit function is to carry out a research that can help in understanding the objectives, activities, way of performing the activities, ways of enumeration of the performance, associated risks of the process, diverse responses to risks as well as effectiveness of diverse responses of the risks. Thereafter, the responsibilities of internal audit function also include planning where different auditors are required to analyse acquired information in order to determine the scope as well as o bjectives of the audit (Tricker 2015). The accountability of planning within the internal audit function scope includes determination of the specific scope of the audit, establishment of the objectives of the audit, acquirement of resources along with competence, knowledge, determination of targets and preparation of timetable and the entire programme of work. The audit function also includes the deliverance of assurance by acquiring information, evaluating the information, undertake evidence findings, finding conclusive results and finally communicating the results. In addition to this, the internal audit functions also include implementation of actions where diverse managers can acknowledge the risks of the actions and take steps for improvement (Tricker 2015). Establishment of the Audit Committee can improve the way Board discharges duty The Audit committee and the internal audit control function facilitate the strengthening of the governance and the framework of risk within an organization. The audit committee roles are such that it is consistent with the effectiveness of the internal control system of the company. The audit committee determines the effectiveness of the internal audit function and they help in the assessment of the quality of the audit works, which ultimately contributes, to the corporate governance of the organization. The audit committee and the internal audit function helps in the monitoring of the activities of the management regarding its internal control system. The deficiencies of the internal control system is reported appropriately and the serious deficiencies are reported to the top management seeking the actions to be taken. The system of internal control followed by the organization are realized with the help of the Audit committee (Bhardwaj et al. 2015). The Committee assist in checking whether the internal control are in place. The unusual transactions made by the company are recorded by the audit committee and they take into account that the control system are in place and the policies and procedures are applied in way as they are meant to be applied. The committee and the internal audit function evaluates whether the existing policies and procedures are important to the organization and whether they are periodically updated. This helps the internal control system of the organization in compliance with the established corporate governance code (Ghafran and O'Sullivan 2013). Audit committee is regarded as the central pillar of the corporate governance of an organization. The quality of audit, independence and the oversight of the performance of the internal control system is provided by the audit committee. The effective audit function is the valuable tool of the audit committee and this helps in evaluating the various activities of the internal control system of the company. Assessment of the corporate governance arrangements in the textile company The corporate governance code of UK provides a guidance on the number of key components for the effective practice of Board. For the listed companies, the code set out the standards and the companies are required to follow the code provided. The principle of good corporate governance is set out by the code under the headings of effectiveness, leadership, accountability, relation with shareholders and internal control. The companies listed under the Irish stock exchange is required to explain the provisions of corporate governance supplementing the provisions of the UK corporate governance codes (Glover et al. 2014). Under the section of leadership, the chairman is responsible for the boards leadership and the effectiveness of the leadership has to be ensured by the chairman himself. The divisions of responsibilities at the head of the company should be very clear. The responsibility of the executives in running the business and the responsibility of running the board should have a clear demarcation. The responsibility of the non-executive directors should be to develop the proposals on strategy and constructively challenge it (Hayeset al. 2014). Under the accountability principle, the board of the textile company should be able to present the balanced, fair and understandable assessment of the position of the company. The internal control system and the management of the risk is the responsibility of the board. In order to maintain an appropriate relationship with the auditors of company, the Board is responsible to make the transparent and formal arrangement, which they would apply to the principle of their internal control system and the corporate reporting. It is the responsibility of the directors to explain the principal risks and the current position of the textile company in the annual report. The directors should explain the management of the risk, which the company is facing along with their mitigation measures (Knechel, 2016). The monitoring and reviewing of the internal control system of the company should cover all the aspects such as financial, material, compliance and operational control. The Irish registered textile company has two non-executive members on the board. The company has only one Chairman who is also acting as CEO of the company. For the formation of the audit committee, there should be at least two non-executive directors in the company and they should be independent regarding the chairmans appointment. Therefore, the Board should appoint independent chairman. The discharging of the responsibilities of the audit committee should be presented in the separate section in the annual report (Kpmg.com 2016). Under the principles of effectiveness, the Board and the committee should possess the appropriate skills, knowledge about the company, experience and independence so that responsibilities and duties are discharged in an effective way. An individual or any small group of individual cannot dominate the decisions of Board and for this; the board needs to have an appropriate combinations of non-executive and executive directors. The non-executive directors should mainly be independent. The number of non-executive directors, which the Board considers independent, should be identified in the annual report. It is the responsibility of the Board to determine the character of the director. The board has to look whether there exist any relationship that is likely to affect the judgment of the directors (Skaifeet al. 2013). The search of the candidate for the board should be conducted and the appointment of the members should be made against the objective criteria. The process of appointment to the Board and the recommendations should be made the nomination committee. The independent non-executive directors should form the majority of the members of the non-executive committee. The textile company has the directors who have worked for many years. The non-executive members of the Board of the company who earlier were former executive director are holding the office for over twenty years. As per the provisions of the code of the UK corporate governance under the effectiveness principles, the non-executive directors should be appointed for the specific terms and they should be subjected to the statuary provisions and reelection relating to the removal of directors (Woidtke and Yeh2013). If the non-executive directors are holding the office for more than six years, then their office term should be subjected to particular rigorous review. The progressive refreshing of the board should also be taken into account by the board (Charteredaccountants.ie 2016). The explanation of the process of the appointment of the directors of the Board should be given if neither an open advertising nor the external search consultancy has been used for the same. If the company has made use of the external search consultancy, the same is to be identified in the annual report and the statement stating the connection of the company with the external consultancy should be provided. The condition and terms of the appointment non-executive directors should be available for inspection. As per the provisions of the code, the chairman needs to ensure that the new appointed directors on joining the board should receive a formal and detailed induction. Al the directors of company should have access to the service and advice of the company secretary (Kumar 2016). Under the remuneration principle, the long-term success of the company is promoted by way of remuneration. The remuneration of the non-executive directors should comprise of the performance related elements and share options. The independence of the non-executive directors are determined by the holding of share options. The notice period is to be set for one year or less. The board should have the remuneration committee comprising of the two independent directors (Marinovic 2013). The chairman with the shareholders should discuss the strategy of the corporate governance. The resolution to elect the directors should be set out in the paper to the shareholders by providing sufficient biographic details, which would assist the shareholders in taking the informed decisions. In order to develop the balanced understanding of the issues and concern of the shareholders, the senior directors accompanying the shareholders should attend the board meeting. Conclusion: The discharge of the corporate governance duty in relation to the internal control is enhanced by the introduction of the audit committee. Therefore, it is essential for the company to have and audit committee for facilitating the function of its internal control system. The establishment of the audit committee strengthens the internal control system. From the above discussion, it is clear that the structure of the corporate governance of Irish textile company is not in compliance with the of corporate governance principles and the members of the board does not include the sufficient non-executive directors. In order to be listed on the stock exchange, the company must comply with all the UK corporate governance code. The company needs to change the structure of boards and the directors are holding the office for many years which is against the of corporate governance code and there is a need of refreshing the board in order to comply with the corporate governance principles of UK. References Ahmed Haji, A., Ahmed Haji, A., Anifowose, M. and Anifowose, M., 2016. Audit committee and integrated reporting practice: does internal assurance matter?.Managerial Auditing Journal,31(8/9), pp.915-948. Ayuso, S., Rodrguez, M.A., Garca-Castro, R. and Ario, M.A., 2014. Maximizing Stakeholders Interests An Empirical Analysis of the Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Governance.Business society,53(3), pp.414-439. Bhardwaj, M.N. and Rao, C.D.B.R., 2015. Role of audit committee in corporate governance.International Journal of Management and Social Science Research Review,1(10), pp.61-67. Charteredaccountants.ie. (2016).UK Corporate Governance Code - Chartered Accountants Ireland. [online] Available at: https://www.charteredaccountants.ie/Members/Technical/Corporate-Governance/UK-Corporate-Governance-Code/ [Accessed 23 Nov. 2016]. Council, F.R., 2012. The UK corporate governance code.London, September. Eling, M. and Marek, S.D., 2014. Corporate governance and risk taking: Evidence from the UK and German insurance markets.Journal of Risk and Insurance,81(3), pp.653-682. Ghafran, C. and O'Sullivan, N., 2013. The governance role of audit committees: reviewing a decade of evidence.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(4), pp.381-407. Glover, S.M., Prawitt, D.F. and Messier, W.F., 2014.Auditing assurance services: a systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Glover, S.M., Prawitt, D.F. and Messier, W.F., 2014.Auditing assurance services: a systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Hayes, R., Wallage, P. and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Keay, A., 2014. Comply or explain in corporate governance codes: in need of greater regulatory oversight?.Legal Studies,34(2), pp.279-304. Knechel, W.R., 2016. Audit quality and regulation.International Journal of Auditing,20(3), pp.215-223. Knechel, W.R., 2016. Audit quality and regulation.International Journal of Auditing,20(3), pp.215-223. Kpmg.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.kpmg.com/RU/en/topics/Audit-Committee-Institute/Publications/Documents/toolkit/1_The%20role%20of%20the%20audit%20committee_eng.pdf [Accessed 23 Nov. 2016]. Kumar, K., 2016. Role of Audit Committee on Corporate Governance-Experience and Expertise of audit committee has a significant influence and positive bearing on the financial performance of the companies.Indian Journal of Applied Research,5(8). Larcker, D. and Tayan, B., 2015.Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. Pearson Education. Leipziger, D., 2015.The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Marinovic, I., 2013. Internal control system, earnings quality, and the dynamics of financial reporting.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(1), pp.145-167. Messier Jr, W., 2016.Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Okhmatovskiy, I. and David, R.J., 2012. 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Describe Plato Allegory of the Cave free essay sample

Describe Plato allegory of the cave (25 marks) Plato  is one of the most important Greek philosophers and a pupil of Socrates. He founded the Academy in Athens, an institution devoted to research and instruction in philosophy and the sciences. His works on philosophy, politics and mathematics which were very influential. The complex meanings that can be perceived from the Cave can be seen in the beginning with the presence of the prisoners who are chained in the darkness of the cave.The prisoners are bound to the floor and unable to turn their heads to see what goes on behind them. To the back of the prisoners, lie the puppeteers who are casting the shadows on the wall, which the prisoners are perceiving as reality. In the beginning of the  Allegory of the Cave  Plato represents man’s condition as being â€Å"chained in a cave,† in Plato’s allegory the prisoners are chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe Plato Allegory of the Cave or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire all the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see. In platos allegory Plato believes the cave is the world the entire human race are prisoners of the world in the same way the cave represents the limits of their universe or knowledge The cave also represents misunderstanding and distraction, similarly Plato believes our body is a cave and inside the body is the soul ,and the soul is trapped inside the body in which humanity lost everything we required in the world of forms which was the true knowledge when we die the soul is released from our body.Another interpretation is when the prisoners are trapped inside the cave the prisoners represent humanity ,who don’t know what reality is, because they think reality is just what they can see (the shadows) which is really not reality at all it is mere representation of the truth The prisoners symbolize those of a sensible world unwilling to see or face reality. In their ignorance the prisoners hide away in the cave, unaware of the transcendent world These prisoners cannot move becaus e they are restrained by chains. The only thing that they can see is a wall  To the prisoners the truth is only the wall and its shadows.The prisoners know nothing outside of the shadows at one point one of the prisoners are released he starts to see the objects of physical reality The released prisoner is a person confronted with the possibility of enlightenment who first sees the truth (the sun in the allegory) and is blinded by it. Another allegory in Platos story is The chains which hold humanity back from their own understanding these prisoners cannot move because they are restrained by chains the chains can be interpreted as a Fear of failure or   delaying something which are examples of the chains that hold back each individual from their full potential.In the allegory these chains keep the prisoners from escaping and finding the truth that is the outside world. The chains that restrain the prisoners, while real to the prisoners in the cave, are no more real than the shadows are. Another interpretation found in the allegory the cave is very dark because there is little light inside it and objects are hardly seen, The sunlight at the end of the path, would be specifically the form of good the allegory could also be about religious enlightenment, the Sun representing the light of the good, the Godly other world which the freed prisoner has surpassed to and was now able to see.The prisoner who was enlightened to religion is momentarily released from the ignorance and darkness of humanity the sun is a form of good, enlightened truth and the escaped prisoner who requires the knowledge and is obliged to return to the people in chains and enlighten them on what has been seen . Improve answerIn the outer world there is light and everything is clear and visible the prisoner released from the cave into the outer world slowly and gradually begins to identify everything and becomes to realise that the outer world is the real and the cave is the unreal world likewise also Knowledge, education, and spiritual  enlightenment all symbolize the light. In Allegory of the Cave, light most commonly reflects revelation when prisoners, humanity, leave â€Å"the cave†. (unreal world) the darkness in the cave symbolically represents the world of ignoranceThe shadows are replicas or copies of reality. The echoes represent items in  life  that have been distorted over time due to gossip, impressions, and rumours   These shadows or teachings where blinding the prisoner from thinking outside of what was placed in front of them equally the prisoners interpret the shadows on the wall as being real who see reflections but instead are just poor shadows of images of things that exist in the outside world for example a tree is a poor reflection of a real things that exists. Above all Because of how we live, true reality is not obvious to most of us. However, we mistake what we see and hear for reality and truth his is the basic premise for Platos Allegory of the Cave, in which prisoners sit in a cave, chained down, watching images cast on the wall in front of them. They accept these views as reality and they are unable to grasp their overall situation: the cave and images are a trick a mere shadow presented to the prisoners.