Risk Identification In Water Treatment Plant Projects Construction Essay

Risk Identification In Water Treatment Plant Projects Construction Essay Projects can fail for a number of reasons and the risks are always high. All project, program, and portfolio are subject to risk, whether positive or negative risks. The aim is to decrease negative risks and enhance positive risks. Managing risks is one of the most important tasks for the construction industry as it directly affects project outcomes. Unfortunately, many organizations do not realize that there is a need to include risk management as a key element to success in business. Hence, some organizations delegate the risk management tasks leaving to someone to needs to plan, identify, assess, develop response plans, and control risks or do just part/ parts of the risk processes. It is not integrated into their project management philosophy. Project risk management has been intensively discussed in recent years. Projects are becoming shared efforts of multiple parties construction industry is a good example of an area, where the project outcome is delivered in an extremely complex actor network. This paper discuss identified the common and specific risks that may occur in the infrastructure projects specially in the water treatment plant projects in Egypt then we make initial assessment to these risks through a questionnaire was designed using the matrix method then we make analyzing of the responses of this questionnaire. Introduction This paper is focused only on the qualitative assessment of the risks. We use the matrix method for the assessment of these risks. Responses to the questionnaire were then collected and analyzed. The analysis included ranking the risks in terms of degree of occurrence (probability) (v.high, high, med, low, very low) the level of influences (impact) (v.high, high, med, low, very low) as the following matrices: A general water supply system is composed of water sources, raw water transmission pipes, water treatment plants, and water distribution networks. However, these components and subsystems give the greatest opportunities for both natural and human-related influences because most of them are spatially diverse and accessible. With respect to this, researchers have identified the potential vulnerable areas during the process of delivering water from the sources to the customers as (see Figure 1): (1) water sources (e.g., river, reservoir, and wells); (2) water treatment plant that removes impurities and harmful agents and makes water suitable for domestic consumption and other uses which consists of: Screen, Mixing tank, Flocculation basin, Settling tank, Sand filter, Disinfection (3) water distribution pipelines that deliver clean water on demand to homes, commercial establishments, and industries which consists of: pipes, pumps, junctions/nodes, fitting (4) storages (tanks water tower s); and (5) other facilities (transmission pipes, channels, pumps, valves, etc.).These vulnerable points are the focus of risk assessment. Figure 1 Elements and vulnerable points in a general water supply system QUANTITY REQUIREMENTS: Factors affecting used Consider the following factors affecting use ashore: * Water uses (domestic, industrial, fire protection) * Peak demands (all uses). * Other essential demands. * Missions of the activity. * Climatic effects. Water treatment plant Water treatment plant is the most important facility in a water supply system to remove contaminants in raw water, disinfect treated water, and produce drinkable water to consumers. However, hazards may be introduced during the process of treatment, or hazardous circumstances may allow contaminants to pass through treatment in significant concentrations. Constituents of drinkable water can be introduced through the treatment process, including chemical additives used in the treatment process or products in contact with water. Furthermore, suboptimal filtration following filter backwashing can lead to the introduction of pathogens into the distribution system. Three attributes are crucial to water users: * There must be adequate quantities of water on demand. * It must be delivered at sufficient pressure. * It must be safe to use. In our paper we will focus on the Water treatment plant in the water supply system which considers an important part in the water supply system. We will discuss the risks may occur in the projects we will make an initial assessment to these risks but at the beginning we will give overview of risk management in the construction projects specially the infrastructure projects which owned by the government, we will discuss the risks from the view of contractor. Research methodology A questionnaire was designed for assessment for all possible risks that may occur in the water treatment plant projects in EGYPT which some of these risks are general risks that may happen in all infrastructure projects and some are specific risks for the water treatment plant projects through the construction operation phase as discussed previous in the stage of risks identification then forward to some of managers in. This paper is focused only on the qualitative assessment of the risks. We use the matrix method for the assessment of these risks. Responses to the questionnaire were then collected and analyzed. The analysis included ranking the risks in terms of degree of occurrence (probability) (v. high, high, med, low, very low) the level of influences (impact) (v. high, high, med, low, very low) as the following matrices: 1- Identification of risks Categories of risks for infrastructure and service delivery projects: 1-Political risks: Political risks are the first category of risks identified. It contains all the risks of government actions that may endanger a project. 1-1 Political support risks: Host government support is essential for any infrastructure projects (ex: government support for the owner disputes on land) 1-2 Taxation risks: Taxation risks mat raises of tax rate, or applied new tax tariffs, which, may lead to decrease the promoter profit and unbalanced project cash flow. 1-3 Import/export restrictions risk: The import and export restriction risk covers the legislation changes, which arrange the import of the equipment. 1-4 Failure to obtain approvals. Failure to obtain approval risk occurs when the central or local government authority does not approve the project-related issues in time or even cancels the ones already approved. Obtaining approvals for a project from complex web of government agencies and departments, from municipal to provincial to central government levels, can be extremely time-consuming process, delaying entire projects and hurting their financial viability. 2-Financial risks: The risk that the financiers will not provide or continue to provide funding to the project 2-1 Delayed Payment by the government: Payments on time are considered extremely important by the contractors maintain the cash flow and eliminate financial difficulties . Delayed payment will influence the financial situation of the contractor, especially if the due payment is substantial and or delayed for along time. 2-2 Changes in law regulation: Local authorities and government have specific codes and regulations that might be changed or revised from time to time. These regulations must be adhered to by contactors. But this has low probability to occurrence in our project because it is owned by the government. 2-3 Inflation risks: This risk category mainly depends on the economic conditions of the country. As the inflation increases this risk becomes more important. 2-4 Interest rate changes. 2-5 Devaluation risks. 2-6 Financial failure: Financial failure of any party (contractor or owner) wills significant impact the projects schedule and consequently the budget. This is more likely happen in big projects where the owner (government) might not have sufficient fund for the project or the contractor bids low on the project. 3- Development risks: Development risks describes the risk of the bidding procedures, which are very important part of the project, the bid evaluation criteria must be clearly defined and the bids must be evaluated in a public and objective manner, the chances for success are predictable. The competitive bidding systems usually lead to terms and conditions more favorable to the national interest. An orderly and transparent bidding procedure should also win public support for that project which can solve the problems that face the contractor such as land owner disputes. 3-1 Bidding risks: The bidding process in Egypt includes the following risks, which can face the contactor: contractor spend high cost for the preparation of the feasibility studies, investigation, design, planning and estimation of the project to be able to tender. Contractor warred about the risks of their innovative proposals being put out to competitive tender without gaining exclusivity or preferential treatment from other competitors. 3-2 Planning delay: The planning delay risks refer to the delay of the tender evaluation by the government officials whom responsible to do such task. 3-3 Approval risks: Delays in approval risk appear when the central of local government authority does not approve the project-related issues in time. Obtaining approvals for a project from complex web of government agencies and departments, from municipal to provincial to central government levels, can be extremely time-consuming process, delaying entire projects and hurting their financial viability. 3-4 Force majeure risk: Force majeure risk is the risk that a specified event entirely outside the control of either party will occur and will result in a delay or default by the contractor in the performance of its contractual obligations. for example cyclone, earthquake, outbreak of war. 4-Site risk: Site risk is the risk that the project land will be unavailable or unable to be used at the required time because of Land owner disputes that the site will generate unanticipated liabilities, with the result that the service delivery and revenues are adversely affected. 4-1 Site access: This risk category refers to the right of way and access to the project site. This an important category especially if the project is in a remote or undeveloped area or where access is limited to small trucks where large construction tools like big trucks and loaders cannot get into the project site. Also, this important when the project is located in a very congested area or access to other facilities and public areas need to be blocked or detoured in some stages of the project. 4-2 Statutory approvals. 4-3 Environmental issues 4-4 differing site condition: This is a clear risk category and could happen in most of construction projects. For instance the soil conditions changes and the contractor might face or hard soil during excavation instead of soft soil as the top layer at the site showed or as the tender document may have indicated. Another example is underground buried utility piping, power cables and high water table area. These types of differing site conditions occur mostly in renovation and /or expansion of existing projects where new construction interface with the existing structures. These differing site conditions will require extra efforts and may necessitate special equipment and tools for excavation and/or de-watering. 4-5 Suitability of the site and any existing infrastructure: Means existing of any underground infrastructures (e.g. sewage pipes) 5- Construction risks: Construction risks are the identified risk category which contains the risks faced the project during the construction phase which can be highly affect on the project cost and in turn the investment needs to complete the project. It can be endanger to the feasibility of the project. 5-1 Delay risks: Delay risk means delay in the construction time schedule which, can be occur due to poor project management applied or due to bad cost estimation, which lead to financial failure. 5-2 Cost overrun risks: Cost overrun risk occur when construction costs exceed original estimates, either due to inflation, non realistic cost estimation, excessive design changes or lack of risk management framework. 5-3 Re performance risk: Re performance risk is occurred due to reconstruct or maintains the bad work done by unqualified contractor. 5-4 Completion risk: Completion risk refers to the non-completion of the project due to effect of force majeure or unforeseen soil conditions. 5-5 Variation risks: A change in work is an important risk category in the construction projects. It could be change in work procedures, methodology o change of plans and scope of work. These changes might lead to change orders demolitions and re-working and must be considered in the assessments of risks because they affect the project budget, schedule, safety and quality. Normally changes in work result because of insufficient planning at the project definition stage or because of lack of clear scope and drawing detail or simply because the owner s desire to make changes to the project. 5-6 Loss or damage to work: Loss or damage to work risks rises by the unforeseen soil conditions or breakdown of equipment, which are common occurrences on any construction site, especially for large civil engineering projects. Usually, these will have repercussion on cost and time but the effects are usually surmountable with today s technology. 5-7 Force majeure risk: Force majeure risk is the risk that a specified event entirely outside the control of either party will occur and will result in a delay or default by the contractor in the performance of its contractual obligations during the construction period. For example, earthquake, outbreak of war. 5-8 Mistakes in installation of pipes. 5-9 Mistakes in installation valves of pipes. 5-10 The permeability of the reservoir during a test. 5-11 Labor equipment availability: This risk category is mainly related to the availability of some of the resources namely, labor, material and equipment. Certain jobs may require specific skilled expertise and /or special material and equipment that might not available or scarce in the local market and take a long time to procure. For example a skilled a qualified welder or special lifting and fitting of some heavy structure that may require crane capacity or piece of equipment that is not available in the local market may force the contractor to hire a certain skilled labor and import the special piece of the equipment or change the construction method to suit. This is more likely to happen in complex major projects or projects involving some degree of high technological complexity like water treatment plant project. 5-12 Labor equipment productivity: Like the previous risk category, certain jobs involving the productivity of labors and equipment might be affected because of the complexity of jobs or the nature of the work. if this not routine, then the labor and/or the equipment operator need to go through a learning curve. Another example that might affect labor and equipment productivity is the morale of the labor and the use of defective tools and equipment. 5-13 defective material: Material is essential resource for construction projects and there is need for quality control and quality assurance to eliminate material replacement and re-work. this risk category becomes more important for lump sum contracts if the specifications were not well defined. 5-14 labor disputes: This is more likely to happen in large companies where the work forces are multinationals who come from different countries with different background or where the relationships between management and workforce are tense. Usually any labor dispute is either resolved internally or by the local authorities and police. 5-15 Safety accident: Safety and accidents in construction projects can not overlooked, especially when the projects involves deep excavation or high elevation construction. The risk category is inherited in the construction industry but can be minimized by following safety rules and the use of safety equipment such as goggles, safety hats and shoes. 5-16 Coordination with sub. Contractor: Coordination with sub-contractors and material suppliers is an important task especially in a multi-player environment like big construction projects. Beside it could be risky if not kept smooth, in a timely manner and continuous. Miss-coordination between subcontractors and material suppliers (especially for long lead items) will lead to schedule and budget overruns. 5-17 Quality of work: Quality of work would reflect the reputation of the contractor and might either rank him on the top of contractors or force him out of the market. Generally, owners (government) strive to get a quality end product by their project and contractors try their best to deliver quality projects. However; poor workmanship that leads to demolition and rework will negatively impact the project budget and schedule. Also, interior quality of work will reflect the bad reputation of the contractor. Good quality and assurance programs will helps reduce the negative effects of this category. 6- Operation risks: Operation risk describes the category of risks faced the project during the guarantee period of the facilities, which starts after project completion continued for one year such as equipment breakdown or the discovery of defects in the work which may hinder the revenue generating capability. 6-1 Technical risks: The breakdown of equipment or failures of any part of the project which are common occurrences on any project, Usually, these will have repercussions on cost and time but effects are usually surmountable with today s technology. 6-2 Corruption risk: It the risk of occurrence of failure or breakdown in any part of the water treatment plant, e.g.(breakdown of the pipes, or failure of tanks in the system) during the guarantee period of the project. 6-4 Force majeure risk: Force majeure is the risk that a specified event entirely outside the control of either party will occur and will result in a delay or default by the contractor in the performance of its contractual obligations during the operation period. For example cyclone, earthquake, outbreak of war. Water treatment plant Water treatment plant is the most important facility in a water supply system to remove Contaminants in raw water, disinfect treated water, and produce drinkable water to consumers. However, hazards may be introduced during the process of treatment, or hazardous circumstances May allow contaminants to pass through treatment in significant concentrations. Constituents of drinkable water can be introduced through the treatment process, including chemical additives used in the treatment process or products in contact with water. Furthermore, suboptimal filtration following filter backwashing can lead to the introduction of pathogens into the distribution system. Meanwhile extreme natural hazards, willful human attacks, or interdependency failures (e.g., power failures) can all introduce risks in water treatment process. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results analysis of the risks discussed in the previous, the following conclusions were reached: From the analysis of the six risk categories depended on the questionnaire received from five managers in the Arab company, our conclusions were as follow: * The most critical risks in the political risks were the: import export restriction failure to obtain approval, the lowest critical risks were: taxation risks. * The most critical risks in the financial risks were the: devaluation risks payment failure. the lowest critical risks: inflation risks. * The most critical risks in the development risks were the: bidding risks the lowest critical risks: force majeure risks. * The most critical risks in the site risks were the: differing site condition risks the lowest critical risks: site access risks. * The most critical risks in the construction risks were the cost overrun risks coordination between the subcontractor the lowest critical risks: force majeure some risks discussed in the matrix. * The most critical risks in the operation risks were the force majeure risks the lowest critical risks: technical risks. * At all the most critical risks category in the construction risks category. REFERENCES 1. Risk management of the BOT projects in Egypt. by Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim Hara Faculty of engineering at Cairo University. 2. http://www.google.com.eg/search?hl=arq=2ech10_riskbtnG=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB+Google%E2%80%8Fmeta=aq=f oq= 3. http://www.google.com.eg/search?hl=arq=LECTURE+11+RISK+MANAGEMENTbtnG=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%21meta= 4. Hierarchical Risk Assessment of Water Supply Systems Huipeng Li Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Loughborough University 5. ASSESSMENT OF RISK MANAGEMENT PERCEPTION AND PRACTICES OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA.BY ALI ABDULLAH AL SALMAN. APPENDIXES

I Hear Them Calling My Name :: essays research papers

The Fear of People   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People fear not succeeding, negative activities in their environment, death, terrorism, etc, but from a multicultural standpoint, we as a whole fear change. Our human race is also fearful of difference. We fear the difference of our religions, color, race, and sexual preferences. We are afraid of things not in our norm and things that stick out in the world. The issue of change and difference is very prevalent in the book I Hear Them Calling My Name: A Journey Through the New South. This book was well written by Chester Fuller. You can really see this multicultural issue by the way fear controls the characters’ emotions directed towards other people with difference.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book, Fuller journeys through the South just after the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s. He is assigned to travel and find any difference or enbetterment in the treatment of blacks since the Civil Rights Movement. His first experience comes when his car breaks down on a highway in deep southern part of North Carolina. He walks to a gas station to get his car towed and the only mechanics/tow men are white. At first he gets the feeling he’s going to be abused by these men. In his mind, Fuller is plotting where he’s going to strike the men when they attack him. Fuller is so scared and set in his ways that he doesn’t look past the man’s race, but is rather intimidated and brainwashed. They arrive back at the station with car and the mechanic asks what seems to be the problem. Fuller thought maybe the fuel pump or something really expensive. The mechanic proceeds back to the car and tinkers with a few things and the car is done is minutes. The mechanic could have possibly put in a new fuel pump among other things and cost Fuller a lot of money, but instead charged a whopping eight dollars. The thing with all this is Fuller’s views of the mechanic the whole time and his emotions of being ready to fight. This amazes me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fuller missed this man’s kindness and respect, because of his fear of difference. This fear still occurs today. The only problem is that it exists in many other things than race or color of skin. Socially we have had a major problem with violence in schools. This all occurs because of difference.

Essay --

David Kim Physics Lab 1 02/11/14 Section: A1 Introduction In Experiment 1, the objective was to weigh 150 pennies and find the best estimate value and the uncertainties for the weight of the pennies. Instrument uncertainty is the least value that can be read from the measuring device. It is always less than or equal to the least count. The least count is the smallest division that can be marked or shown from a certain instrument. The instrument uncertainty is equal to the least count in this experiment. Random errors are simply mistakes that are made due to the instrument being used or the measured object being poorly defined. The total uncertainty of a measurement is calculated by using the instrument uncertainty and the uncertainty due to fluctuation. Uncertainty due to fluctuation is dependent on the average and the total amount of times there was a measurement. This average is found when:  ¯x= 1/N (x_1+x_2+ †¦+ x_n ) N is the total number of measurements, x1 is the first measurement, x2 is the second measurement, and xn is the last measurement. The uncertainty due to fluctuation is found by: ∆x_fl= ÏÆ'_x/√N ÏÆ'_x is the standard deviation of the mean and N is the total number of measurements. Standard deviation can be found by: ÏÆ'_x= √((d_1^2+ d_2^2+ †¦+ d_N^2)/(N-1)) Where d_n(the derivative) is found by: d_n=x_n- x Ì… This in words is: the measurement of the nth term subtracted by the mean. Total uncertainty is found by: ∆x= √(∆x_ins^2+ ∆x_fl^2 ) Where ∆x_ins is the instrument uncertainty and ∆x_fl is the uncertainty due to fluctuation. Initial Data Part A1: Instrument Uncertainty Quiz Student has passed the test The following answers were entered for the digital device # 2: Units g Least count 0.1000 I... ...ould have to take around 300 measurements so that the results would be accurate and precise to the expected value of 100. In part B of the experiment, the standard mass of the penny between 1941 and 1982 was 3.100 g; and between 1983 and 2011, the standard mass was 2.500 g. The standard mass of the penny changed between 1982 and 1983. The mass was decreased by .600 g. Pennies lose or gain weight in circulation because most of the pennies were not 2.5 or 3.1 grams on the dot. The possible rust or erosion from the time it was in circulation helps to describe the range that the mass of the pennies had. In general, most of the measurements were accurate compared to the expected value. The measurements on the most part were accurate. However for the outliers, the rust and the erosion to the penny can describe the mass being significantly higher or lower.

Medications :: essays research papers

Streptokinase  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thrombolytic, aka clot buster. One of our TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) used to bust clots in a pt with a stroke from an embolus or a thrombus or is having an MI from a thrombus or an embolus. Problem is if you bust the clot it will bust clots from head to toe giving biggest risk of BLEEDING. Aminophylline/TheoDur   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adrenergic bronciodilators, watch aminophylline levels bc there is I fine line between theraputic and toxic. Dilate pupils so don’t give to closed angle glaucoma. Will make you nervous jittery, decrease caffeine in their diet. Heparin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anticoagulant, monitor dose with PTT, can be given sub-q or IV. Never ever IM because it will make the muscle bleed. #1 drug when a person has a DVT, must have drug double checked with another nurse before giving. SE: bleeding. Antidote is prodomyicin sulfate. Morphine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opiate agonist, narcotic analgesic that all narcotics are based upon (prototype) non-ceiling drug, so keep on giving, raise dose for more pain. Used for acute pain such as post surgery and burn pain. But it is also good in severe chronic pain, such as pain from cancer. Comes in tablets (rare), liquid, injectable form, and a PCA pump form. Usual dose 10-12 mg q 2-4 hrs. biggest problem= it is a CNS depressant so need to avoid other CNS depressants (alcohol), can cause resp depression. Do not give is resp are 12 or below. Double check resp in  ½ hr (inj) Digoxin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lanoxin, cardiotonic glycoside. Slows but strengthens the heartbeat, often give a loading dose to get the heart were it is supposed to be and then back off and give a maintanence dose. Usual dose 0.25 mg. always check an apical before giving, if below 60 hold the med and call dr. biggest problem is in older patients where there glomerular filtration rate decreases, they end up with accumulation of this drug, because their ADME is decreased as well as their glomerular filtration. Have a apical pulse of like 40 Marplan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MAO inhibitor, used as antidepressant, main concern is a diet that is low in fermented things (beer, cheese) can throw them into a hypertensive state. Nitroglycerin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coronary vasodilator, used to treat angina, comes in a sublingual tablet to be used in an attack, can us one every five minutes up to 15 minutes, or 3 doses before calling 911. need to replace the bottle every 3 to 6 months, keep in a dark tight container (disenigrates when exposed to air, moisture, or light), come in a bid med, called nitrobid.

Oryx and Crake Essay

Throughout the book we learn through flashbacks that Snowman was once jimmy, a young boy who was very different from Snowman. He was changed into the extremely depressed, negative, and socially lacking individual by certain hardships that occurred over his life time. He was abandoned by his parents, Lacked a social life, and his skills were grossly over looked in his society. All making Jimmy feel worthless and pointless spiraling him into the extreme state of depression that currently overtakes him as Snowman. All throughout Jimmy’s childhood there was an extreme lack of affection displayed. He eventually became completely abandoned by his mother and father. His mother with her running away and his father with marring Ramona and attempting to start a new family without him leaving him feeling alone and unwanted. â€Å"Things had changed a lot in the field since Jimmy came along! (came along, as if he hadn’t actually been born, but had just sort of dropped by for a visit. )† (302). Showing that Jimmy feels as though he is not wanted by his father and Ramona like he is not a part of their family at all. This caused Jimmy to avoid any time spent with his father and Ramona. Ramona invited Jimmy for the holidays, but he had no wish to go, so he pleaded overwork† (303). Since Jimmy did not feel as though he was wanted as part of their family he did not join them for normal family events. This caused Jimmy to miss out something everyone else had, a family. Jimmy has not ever really had a healthy social life. Apart from the women he slept with, he had not made friends other the Crake. This had a huge impact on Jimmy’s life, because Crake was away at another school and Jimmy was left to be by himself, causing Jimmy to become extremely lonely. He might go to the movie at the mall, just to convince himself he was part of a group of other people. † (307). When Jimmy worked at Anoo Yoo he did not make a single friend, he spent out his days alone only finding company over the internet or by pretend. He felt completely left out from all of his peers, like an outsider. â€Å"So this was the rest of his life. It felt like a party to which he’d been invited, but an address he couldn’t actually locate. Someone must be having fun at it, this life of his; only, right at the moment, it wasn’t him. † (305). Jimmy’s lack of social life and people skills caused him severe loneliness and depression. The society Jimmy lived in was completely focused on science, leaving no need for any other focuses. Because Jimmy’s talent was not with science but with words, it left his skill greatly underappreciated. He did not feel as though his skill was useful for anything important anymore. â€Å"He should have been pleased by his success with these verbal fabrications, but instead he was depressed by it. The memos that came from above telling him he’d done a good job meant nothing to him because they’d been dictated by semi-literates; all they proved was that no one at Anoo Yoo was capable of appreciating how clever he had been. (301). Although Jimmy was being praised he did not feel as he was being utilized properly, he felt as though he could do more. Overall making him feel useful and underappreciated. Overall Snowman’s personality is not without reason. He was never taught how to love by his parents, causing him to be incapable of a normal relationship with a woman. His lack of social life caused him to put himself down and make himself feel unwanted. He was never fully accepted for his talents even by his parents, because of the focus society had on science. Causing himself hatred, depression and loneliness.

National Stepfamily Resource Center Essay

The first bill towards blending of a stepfamily is both p bents taking a loyalty to forever and a day work at their problems and non give up when the going gets tough. two of them gravel to understand the complexity of the bunk before getting into it, since clawren with sensitive minds are going to be involved in the process. They also drive home to consider the monetary part of the whole deal, well in advance, to impede conflicts at a later magazine (APA Health Center 2004). The biologic produce has to convey the idea of scratch a stepfamily to the child, long before it re each(prenominal)y be strikes a reality.This is to check out that the child is disposed enough duration to cope up and become comfortable with the new arrangement. to begin with graveling a stepfamily, both partners have to ensure that they have sorted issue issues from their past marriages. They should take adequate time to heal and recuperate from the old relationship, so that they are emot ionally launch to start a nonher relationship. After all, a forged relationship sure cannot sow the seeds for a successful stepfamily. Kids are very sensitive to their environment during their contourative years.Hence, both kick upstairss should economic consumption extreme caution and restraint to pr all the samet the child from witnessing conflicts and arguments, in order to be healthy role-models (Way2Hope). Parents should be mentally ready to handle disappointments and maladjustments at first, since a stepfamily is certainly not designed to be an lofty arrangement. The key is to gradually build respectfulness and trust with members of the stepfamily. Children need to be constantly reassured that they were not responsible for the withdrawal of the previous marriage with the biological parent, peculiarly if the cause of separation is the death of a parent.There needs to be an gift communication channel with the children in the form of small discussions, so that childre n are not left stranded with confusions, unanswered questions and repressed emotions. A parent has to ensure that stepchild and biological child are not discriminated and given up equal attention. It is indispensable for a parent to talk alone with the biological child as well as stepchild, so that they can understand each new(prenominal) better. They have to find ways to relate to the children by forming new family usages that take dress on a regular basis. bingle of the aspects of a closely-knit family is doing things together, which brings in team pith and the joy of sharing. Once a family tradition starts to happen regularly, it gives a sense of togetherness to the children and would be a step in the recompense direction towards expression a mingle family. Family game nights, monthly picnics, yearly spend and Thanksgiving Day dinner could all very well be favorable family traditions that could live on for years, maybe even generations.Care has to be taken to ensure t hat the relationship between the stepchild and biological parent is sustained, since the child needs care from the biological parent to experience a satisfying childhood (All About Life Challenges). However, children outgrowth under joint custody of disjointed parents end up being embossed under two households with different rules and practices ( discipline Stepfamily resourcefulness Center). Hence, this may lead to the child getting mixed messages from both parents and being coerce into a state of confusion.Hence, both the biological parent and step parent have to talk with each other and come to a conclusion about the methods of disciplining and treating the child. even so after doing these things right, if the child finds it hard to align to the blended family, the parents should give it some time for things to work their way out of course and be open to the idea of seek professional help if needed. Giving children lay to make up their own minds at their own pace is th e key to building new relationships with them.For instance, it is not fair to inhabit a stepchild to address a step parent as dad or mom since their biological parent is not replaceable (Jaffe et. al 2008). In repayable course of time, family bonds would eventually grow stronger as the child gains respect for the step parent. credit All About Life Challenges. commix Families Common Sense. Retrieved 9 July 2008, APA Health Center. (2004). Families fashioning Stepfamilies Work. Retrieved 9 July 2008, Jaffe. J, Segal. J, Hutman. S & Barston. S. (2008, 8 January). mingle Families a Guide for Stepparents. HelpGuide. Retrieved 9 July 2008, National Stepfamily Resource Center. Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved 9 July 2008, Way2Hope. blend Family Problems. Retrieved 9 July 2008,

Challenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World

CHALLENGES OF YOUTHS IN A MODERN WORLD The Longman Modern English Dictionary defines youth as â€Å"the state or quality of being young, the period from childhood to maturity; young people of both sexes†. A youth is characterized by features such as youngness, restlessness, strength, independence, curiosity; search fro greatness, vigor good, health etc. Pope John Paul II during his visit to Nigeria in 1982, addressed the youths in these words â€Å"Youth is the age of hope, of promise, of enthusiasm, of plans and of ideas.Youth does not want to give up in the face of difficulties†¦ Youth believes in a better world and is determined to do something to help bring it about†.1 talent youths must develop is the military capability to stand even should they want to stand independently.In the church, the youths have the responsibility of evangelizing. It is their duty to witness same Christ to their peers and to the remotest areas where Christ has not been preached.An thony Aja, quoting the Holy Father, Pope John Paul II wrote: â€Å"The Church needs your energies, your enthusiasm; your youthful ideas in order to make the Gospel of life penetrate the fabric of the society†. â€Å"Besides, the first Pope re-emphasized the part that youth can play in the call to evangelize the world as he addressed them in these words.Youths occasionally appear to forget this.

To be good evangelizer, witnessing must be accompanied by good example, being like Christ in all ramification. The bible recorded many same dynamic youths worthy of emulation. Two of such youths will be considered in this text. They are Joseph and David.Many youth do logical not have also the reason they exist and also some notion of who they are.How about you? He hated sin. He successfully resisted the temptation from his master’s wife. To the sin-laden second wife of his master Portipha, he asked, â€Å"how can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God†? (Gen. 39:9).Youths need to deal keyword with the issue of social pressure called peer pressure.

Titus 2:11-12. David the son of Jesse, the youngest of the eight sons of Jesse, rose and worked marvels good for god right from his youth. He killed a lion, a bear and conquered the veteran warrior Goliath. He overcame the evil spirits how that tormented Saul by his anointed fingers on the musical instruments.Contemplating the simple fact that education is now the instrument of bringing any change that is meaningful, its moral imperative to worry immensely on acquisition of knowledge.Challenges Facing the Youth Today The general state of youth reveals spirituals, social and psychological crises and confusion.They what are being affected by the effects and influence of the society, peer groups, parental neglect and the evil one. Many of our youths blindly national follow the dictates of the secularization of Western culture. The effects of secularism on most people have even made them argue that churches should accepts the society’s new directions.To find additional infor mation, last visit youthspecialties.

However, they forget to recognize that this stage is important and transitory – a stage between childhood and adulthood. Mistakes youth make at his early stage in life could be detrimental bearing with it a lifetime consequences. For example, Youths who take to armed robbery, prostitution, drug trafficking, political thruggery, and all manner of violent practices carry over such nefarious activities from their youthful stage into adulthood.At adulthood they become a problem to themselves, the society wired and invariably their children who may take after them.That adults, together with youths.Flee from all evil desires and run after righteous. Many of how our youths are compromising with worldly ideals. Compromise with the world brings corruption. It destroys the child of God’s testimony and makes his light grow dim.Suggest dilute solutions to every one.

However, the challenges facing our youths (Christian youth) is how to use them without abusing them. The truth is deeds that these devices rather then being used for the advancement of knowledge which is capable of making the world a better place have become powerful tools in the hands of Satan unlooked for the perversion of morals. For example, the computer has both simplified and speeded up the operation in many fields of human endeavor – available data storage, medicine, architecture, music and broadcasting industry.These are interactive computer software for learning of virtually any subject.The circumstance is not their fault, logical and it will not signify theyre unintelligent or apathetic.Sources of information and different educational operations are now available on the internet. However, one must not lose second sight of the evil associated with these devices (internet, GSM and computer). Many (including children, youth and even older people) are introduced to do world of deceit, indecency, immorality crime, sexual perversions, violence and many other vices through the use of these inventions of modern technology. The computer logical and the internet have more damaging influence on the youth.It may not do great to mention it, but it.

This a leading to a dramatic decline in the academic performance of the youth and a high rate of unproductively of the youth in all spheres of life.Wise parents should rise up to this challenge, and set up corrective measures to arrest this trend of self – destruction of the youth. 2. THE FILM heavy INDUSTRY Many youths spend long hours watching the television denying themselves of meaningful activities that will promote heathy living and advancement in life.Nearly all how them exist just because they can breathe.What about movies dominated with violent operations?. This negates God peaceful co-existence among men. Parents must therefore rise up to control what their children watch on the television. 3.Ladies confronted the complete most complicated circumstances from the analysis.

Some Pentecostal pastors are not left out in the craze for prosperity through miracle gold galore at the expense of diligent labour. 4. SEARCH FOR GREENER PASTURE Many youths run the risk of searching for illegal means to go out of this country for better life. Experiences of those who attempted leaving this country reveal the agony many had to go though traveling through waste land to cross over to their â€Å"promised land†.Parents arent perfect.Youths from such homes run away from home, get involved in all forms of crimes such as 419, armed robbery, thuggery, prostitution or hired assassions.Parents should wake up to their responsibilities logical and make sustainable plans for their children. 6. INDECENT DRESSING AMONG YOUTHS We have been wonderfully made by God.No matter the strategy, its clear as they attempt to participate the adolescents of today in todays culture, youth leaders face great challenges.

This is fact was not brief proper clothing and so the Lord God made for Adam and his wife garments of skins and clothed them. This implies deeds that the lord God covered their nakedness.Therefore, any clothing that does not cover the body fully is an indecent cloth. Let us also consider the demoniac in St.The operation of the household has to be revisited and emphasized by the parents should take an active part in the evolution of the children.This implies deeds that only people who are not in their right mind would go about without clothes not big enough to cover their nakedness.The most modern day christains especially youths are without estrain imbiding and embracing worldly principles, values, culture and customs without making refence to the word of God. The bible says: â€Å"Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man loves the world, the love of the father is not in him.The terrible news is these issues.

However, they forget that there is a link between the state of man’s heart and the outward appearance. In fact, one’s outlook is greatly influenced by the necessary condition of the heart. It is not uncommon today to find different kinds of immodest and indecent dressed worn by the majority of young people and some older people in the society, even in the church of God. These ladies wear transparent and body hugged clothes under the guise of fashion and civilization.Preachers and elders arent perfect.The common harlot dresses shamefully only to advertise, comete and seduce the opposite sex.They wear revealing clothes which create in men some immoral desires. Mini-skirts are symbolic of those ladies who want to seduce men. Every mini-skirt is a fuel that sets the mind of a man to imagine the most debased thoughts.Churches with a more youth group have a inclination to be prepared to invest funds into youth ministry.

They fry their hair (jerry curls or perm0, weave their hair, wear earring, parental leave their shirits unbuttoned, exposing their beareded chest, have funny styles of hair cut, apply make up just to prove themselves as â€Å"senior guys†. 7. Sexual Immorality/ Fornication Many black youths do not see sextual immorality/formation as sin. They see it as a way of expressing their love to a person of the opposite sex.Youngsters will great need to realize that life is a ride.Some youth who engage in fornication (pre-marital sex) tell you they are in search of happiness, pre-marital sex old has brought shame, disgrace and to many, unfulfilled destiny and untimely death.According to Ibid: Pre-marital sex has many adverse effects surrounding it. By so doing expose themselves to many risks such as: pregnancy, abortion, death, death, veneral disease, fear, shame, disrespect, sterility, uncompleted career are grievous sins against God, your creator. These are what we risk ourselve s for, Just a mere pleasure which does not last.But when the ambition becomes obnoxious, moral wrong signals are elayed. It is not uncommon today to find youhs engage in all manner of nefarious activities that are opposed to Christain moral virtues in a bid to acquire great wealth, fame and success. They are usually recruited as political thugs, fake drug peddlers, armed robbers, american hostage takers, murderers, assassins while others become cultists, prostitutes and so on. Some become involved in dubious and undefiled business.

Anything contrary leads to hellfire. 9. Peer Group Influence Many Youth have been led astray by those they regard as friends. The influences of peers can bring about a positive or a negative change in one’s life.John Chidi once classified friendship into 3: 1. Friendship based on unity 2. Friendship based on Sexual pleasure 3. Good griendship Youth should be encouraged to get involved in good friendship I =n which a man and a woman can be close friends without any sexual intercourse whatsoever.The musical instrument sound than the wordings as obtained in worldly music. Such songs do not give any inspiration, and it lacks modesty and moderation. So also is the obscene little dance that accompanies the music.Flee from such music and from every apprearance of evil.Many parents have lost inetrest in investing into education of their children. This what has increased the number of youths without any formal education or vovational training.One sees them in high dense areas/cit ies milling around motor parks, marj=ket places, in hide outs, practically doing nothing meaningful. Their daily existence depend on how much they can steal, extort from people or just waste away.

12. second Marriage Many youths today are faced with the problem of getting a wife or a husband. This could be attributed to a number of factors such as parental influence or control, self, sin and the devil. Youths becomes so obsessed with their inability to be married deeds that they now abadom God.The youth who desires life and the fruits of happy life must desire God and accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour. Seek first the kingdom of God and all its righteous and all other things will be added unto you (Matt. 6:33). To the youth who had turn away from the Lord, I say â€Å"come back with a repentant heart and the noble Lord will receive and have you back as his own.You are to stay unpolluted and unperturbed in the constantly changing world where you dwell.The unchanging true God will substain you, for he has said. :For I am the Lord, I change not† (Malachi 3:6). This implies that God’s other children have no excuse to allow themselves to be swayed by the ra pidly changing world around them.. Must be resolved to live a holy life. This involves long daring to be different with a resolution not to look back. 4.